In spite of widespread use of antibacterial agents to control colibacillosis in poultry, the development of an effective vaccine has been an important goal for researchers. Compared to bacterins and subunit vaccines, live vaccines are attractive because they are much cheaper than purified proteins, and can be used for mass immunization via aerosol, feed, or drinking water. Our goals in this research were to construct non-revertible mutant derivatives of avian pathogenic strains of E. coli and to evaluate their potential ability to protect chickens against experimental disease. cya crp mutants of two avian septicemic E. coli strains were constructed and shown to be attenuated in virulence and non-reverting. The immunogenicity and efficacy of the double mutant strains were assessed in an aerosol-based challenge model. The present vaccine has the potential to be inexpensive and effective against E. coli infections in poultry. When the laboratory studies indicate that there is greater protection against the experimental challenge, a field trial is needed as challenge under the natural environment may be quite different from the single massive exposure that is used experimentally.
Scandinavian knitting sensations Arne and Carlos (authors of the international bestseller "55 Christmas Balls to Knit") aspire to bring a little fun to your inner child with a fantastic collection A Live Escherichia Coli Vaccine for Poultry free download pdf of knitted dolls, as well as instruction for creating a charming knitted wardrobe for them. Based on the dolls Arne and Carlos used during their career in the fashion design industry (they would design clothing in miniature before transforming it into "human" sizes), you'll find easy-to-knit instructions for five doll bodies and tips for giving them features. Then, dress them up: From underwear to overcoats, you'll find miniature knits to suit all seasons. Whether knitting dolls for your own enjoyment, or to collect and give to a child or grandchild, the playful universe created by Arne and Carlos is one you'll enjoy exploring!
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Author: Seyed Mostafa Peighambari
Number of Pages: 120 pages
Published Date: 29 Jul 2011
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Publication Country: Germany
Language: English
ISBN: 9783845412757
Download Link: Click Here
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